High Jump
High Jump
The history of the high jump dates back to the eighteenth century BC, where the Celts performed a kind of Olympic games called the Talilteann Games, the idea was to pass over a wall only with the help of the legs.
The first great jumper in history, and this title is won thanks to his improvement in the technique of jumping, is the American Mike Sweeney who at 23 years exceeded 1.97 m using a technique similar to the "scissors". Lester Steers improves the world record to 2.11 m in 1940 by developing a new technique called "ventral roller". It was not until 1968 that Dick Fosbury used the "Fosbury Flop" technique in Olympic games, being this revolutionary that went around the world. Then this technique became popular due to its great efficiency and it is with it that the Cuban Javier Sotomayor achieves the current world record, 2.45m.
The history of the high jump dates back to the eighteenth century BC, where the Celts performed a kind of Olympic games called the Talilteann Games, the idea was to pass over a wall only with the help of the legs.
The first great jumper in history, and this title is won thanks to his improvement in the technique of jumping, is the American Mike Sweeney who at 23 years exceeded 1.97 m using a technique similar to the "scissors". Lester Steers improves the world record to 2.11 m in 1940 by developing a new technique called "ventral roller". It was not until 1968 that Dick Fosbury used the "Fosbury Flop" technique in Olympic games, being this revolutionary that went around the world. Then this technique became popular due to its great efficiency and it is with it that the Cuban Javier Sotomayor achieves the current world record, 2.45m.
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The high jump is executed in four phases: the impulse race, the take off, the flight and the fall.
The impulse stroke is carried out in a straight section and then in a curve. This race must be fluid and is done with long strides.
The take off begins with the support, then follows the damping and ends with the full extension of the leg.
The flight begins when leaving contact with the floor. The fall is done on the back with the chin attached to the chest, the arms over the head and separated. <does not include>
The impulse race
The jumper may perform the impulse race on both the right side of the drop zone and the left side, depending on the takeoff leg.
To start the approach race, the athlete must identify the point from which to start it. One of the ways to identify this point is to measure from the base of the salometer between 12 and 15 feet towards the side of the drop zone. There is placed a reference that will measure between 50 and 55 feet in front of the race zone, forming an angle of 90 with the previous measurement. There a reference mark will be placed from which the approach run will begin.
The jumper can define his starting position to the impulse race according to his personal style, some of the most common positions are:
For static outings, the athlete adopts an initial position with a forward foot resting on the heel. The opposite arm to the front foot is facing forward with a 90º flexion at the level of the elbow joint.
The other arm is behind with a slight flexion. The trunk should be straight and delayed on the back leg that is slightly flexed by the knee joint. The look ahead.
For dynamic departures, the athlete performs a pre-race with short steps and matches the foot with which the impulse race begins with the reference mark.
The jumper must perform 7 to 9 steps during his impulse run.
The first part of the race runs in a straight line with metatarsal foot supports and great action of the muscles of the legs and thighs. Long strides are made that allow greater acceleration, the path of the arms is synchronized to the front and back with the straight trunk and the gaze to the front. The second part of the race is done in a curve. There should be an inclination of the trunk towards the inner side and a wide stroke, creating a centrifugal force that improves the moment of takeoff.
In the last three steps the center of gravity descends and makes possible a greater route towards takeoff, creating angular and rotational movements.
The feet are supported trying to cross the midline of the body, to move the trunk away from the rod. The arms flexed at a 90º angle make synchronized movements.
In the last step, which is the shortest, the takeoff foot comes into contact with the ground by the heel and the trunk maintains a marked inclination backwards, inside the curve and away from the rod.
Regulation
1) .- The Judge will announce to the contestants, the height at which the bar will be placed at the start of the test and the different heights to which it will be raised at the end of each round until only one participant winner of the competition remains or there is a tie for first place.
2) .- The competitors will have to take off with one foot.
3) .- A competitor makes a null attempt if: After the jump, the ribbon is dropped by the competitor's action during the jump or if the jumper touches the ground, including the drop zone with any part of the body beyond the plane vertical of the salometers, without first crossing the bar.
4) .- A competitor can start jumping at any height of those previously announced by the Judge, Head of the event and can continue jumping at his discretion at any height higher than that.
5) .- The measurement of a new height will be made before competitors try to cross it.
6) .- The Judges must ensure before starting the competition that the bottom and the front of the bar can be distinguished.
Impulse and whipping zone
Crossbar
The crossbar or ribbon should be made of fiberglass or other appropriate material, but not of metal. The total length of the bar will be 3.98 m to 4.02 m, and its maximum weight should be 2 Kg. The crossbar or bar will consist of three parts: the circular bar, with a diameter of 29-31 mm, and two ends, each 30 to 35 mm wide and 15-20 cm long. The ends will be semicircular, hard and smooth and may not be covered with any material that increases the adhesion between them and the supports. There should be a gap of at least 1 cm between the ends of the slat and the salometers.
Saltometers
Any model or class of saltometers or posts can be used as long as they are rigid. The supports for the ribbon must be firmly fixed to them. The salometers must be high enough so that they protrude at least 10 cm from the respective height at which the bar is raised. The distance between saltometers shall not be less than 4 m or more than 4.04 m.
Slat supports
The supports must be flat and rectangular, 4 cm wide and 6 cm long. Each of them should face the opposite salometer.
The ends of the ribbon will sit on the supports so that if an athlete touches it, it will easily fall to the ground forwards or backwards.
The supports will have the same height above the whipping area and just below each end of the slat.
Drop zone
The drop zone should be between 5 m and 6 m long by 3 m to 4 m wide behind the vertical plane of the ribbon and 70 cm high.
The salometers and the drop zone must also be designed so that when they are being used there is a free space of at least 10 cm between them to avoid the movement of the slat by a movement of the drop zone that causes contact with the Saltometers
The high jump is executed in four phases: the impulse race, the take off, the flight and the fall.
The impulse stroke is carried out in a straight section and then in a curve. This race must be fluid and is done with long strides.
The take off begins with the support, then follows the damping and ends with the full extension of the leg.
The flight begins when leaving contact with the floor. The fall is done on the back with the chin attached to the chest, the arms over the head and separated. <does not include>
The impulse race
The jumper may perform the impulse race on both the right side of the drop zone and the left side, depending on the takeoff leg.
To start the approach race, the athlete must identify the point from which to start it. One of the ways to identify this point is to measure from the base of the salometer between 12 and 15 feet towards the side of the drop zone. There is placed a reference that will measure between 50 and 55 feet in front of the race zone, forming an angle of 90 with the previous measurement. There a reference mark will be placed from which the approach run will begin.
The jumper can define his starting position to the impulse race according to his personal style, some of the most common positions are:
For static outings, the athlete adopts an initial position with a forward foot resting on the heel. The opposite arm to the front foot is facing forward with a 90º flexion at the level of the elbow joint.
The other arm is behind with a slight flexion. The trunk should be straight and delayed on the back leg that is slightly flexed by the knee joint. The look ahead.
For dynamic departures, the athlete performs a pre-race with short steps and matches the foot with which the impulse race begins with the reference mark.
The jumper must perform 7 to 9 steps during his impulse run.
The first part of the race runs in a straight line with metatarsal foot supports and great action of the muscles of the legs and thighs. Long strides are made that allow greater acceleration, the path of the arms is synchronized to the front and back with the straight trunk and the gaze to the front. The second part of the race is done in a curve. There should be an inclination of the trunk towards the inner side and a wide stroke, creating a centrifugal force that improves the moment of takeoff.
In the last three steps the center of gravity descends and makes possible a greater route towards takeoff, creating angular and rotational movements.
The feet are supported trying to cross the midline of the body, to move the trunk away from the rod. The arms flexed at a 90º angle make synchronized movements.
In the last step, which is the shortest, the takeoff foot comes into contact with the ground by the heel and the trunk maintains a marked inclination backwards, inside the curve and away from the rod.
Regulation
1) .- The Judge will announce to the contestants, the height at which the bar will be placed at the start of the test and the different heights to which it will be raised at the end of each round until only one participant winner of the competition remains or there is a tie for first place.
2) .- The competitors will have to take off with one foot.
3) .- A competitor makes a null attempt if: After the jump, the ribbon is dropped by the competitor's action during the jump or if the jumper touches the ground, including the drop zone with any part of the body beyond the plane vertical of the salometers, without first crossing the bar.
4) .- A competitor can start jumping at any height of those previously announced by the Judge, Head of the event and can continue jumping at his discretion at any height higher than that.
5) .- The measurement of a new height will be made before competitors try to cross it.
6) .- The Judges must ensure before starting the competition that the bottom and the front of the bar can be distinguished.
Impulse and whipping zone
Crossbar
The crossbar or ribbon should be made of fiberglass or other appropriate material, but not of metal. The total length of the bar will be 3.98 m to 4.02 m, and its maximum weight should be 2 Kg. The crossbar or bar will consist of three parts: the circular bar, with a diameter of 29-31 mm, and two ends, each 30 to 35 mm wide and 15-20 cm long. The ends will be semicircular, hard and smooth and may not be covered with any material that increases the adhesion between them and the supports. There should be a gap of at least 1 cm between the ends of the slat and the salometers.
Saltometers
Any model or class of saltometers or posts can be used as long as they are rigid. The supports for the ribbon must be firmly fixed to them. The salometers must be high enough so that they protrude at least 10 cm from the respective height at which the bar is raised. The distance between saltometers shall not be less than 4 m or more than 4.04 m.
Slat supports
The supports must be flat and rectangular, 4 cm wide and 6 cm long. Each of them should face the opposite salometer.
The ends of the ribbon will sit on the supports so that if an athlete touches it, it will easily fall to the ground forwards or backwards.
The supports will have the same height above the whipping area and just below each end of the slat.
Drop zone
The drop zone should be between 5 m and 6 m long by 3 m to 4 m wide behind the vertical plane of the ribbon and 70 cm high.
The salometers and the drop zone must also be designed so that when they are being used there is a free space of at least 10 cm between them to avoid the movement of the slat by a movement of the drop zone that causes contact with the Saltometers
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